Home network security – Part 3a: Turris Omnia as network-attached storage via SMB

In this part of our home network security series, we will show you how you can use your Turris Omnia as network-attached storage (NAS) via SMB. This is very useful since your data is kept within your home network. You can share files with your family members and other devices at home. There is no need for flash drives or online storage.

Contents

1. Requirements
2. Step by step to your NAS using SMB
   • Step 1: Connecting hardware
   • Step 2: Format the mSATA drive and create a file system
   • Step 3: Create a new user for NAS access
   • Step 4: Check mount points and create a network share
   • Step 5: Configure your clients
3. Troubleshooting
   • Can’t relocate my WLAN modules due to short antenna cables
   • No connection available
   • No permissions
4. Summary
5. Sources

Requirements

This time, we need:

• our Turris Omnia which is connected with our computer and the internet
• an mSATA drive
• a screwdriver (cross-head)
• an SSH client on our computer

Step by step to your NAS using SMB

Now we will physically connect the mSATA drive, format and configure it, create a user for NAS, configure the Omnia to use the drive properly and configure clients to connect with the shared drive.

Step 1: Connecting hardware

The first step is pure manual labor this time:

• Disconnect all cables from your Omnia
• Remove the three antennas
• Use the screwdriver to unscrew your Omnia
  • Remove the 6 screws which fix the case
  • Remove the 4 screws which secure the WLAN modules
  • Remove the 5 screws which fix the mainboard of the Omnia
  • Relocate the bolt nuts
  • Switch the position of your WLAN modules
  • Connect the mSATA to the slot in the middle
  • Screw the mainboard onto the base plate
  • Secure all modules (6 screws)
  • Reposition the case and screw it onto the lower part
• Reconnect all cables with the Omnia
• Restart the Omnia

Thankfully, there is an official video guide showing you all of these steps visually: Turris Omnia: How to connect an mSATA disk.

Step 2: Format the mSATA drive and create a file system

After crafting, we must format the drive and create a file system. To do so, use the terminal on your computer and connect to your Omnia using SSH: ssh root@192.168.1.1 Use the password for “advanced administration” like configured in the first part of this series. After that, use fdisk and mkfs:

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#! /bin/bash
# Check if /dev/sda is really the mSATA disk
fdisk -l /dev/sda

# Enter interactive mode of fdisk
fdisk /dev/sda
# Press "p", then "n" and use the defaults to create a new partition
# Write this configuration by finally pressing "w"

# Create an ext4 file system (Linux)
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

Step 3: Create a new user for NAS access

We can conduct another step while we are still connected with our Omnia. Let’s create a new user which will be used later to access our NAS. Change [username] accordingly.

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#! /bin/bash
useradd --home-dir /var --gid 65534 --no-create-home --shell /bin/false [username]
smbpasswd -a [username]
# Enter the password for this user twice

exit

You can close your terminal.

Step 4: Check mount points and create a network share

Now, use your web browser to connect to LuCI on your Omnia. We have to check/configure:

• mount points
  • Go to System / Mount Points
  • Scroll down to the “Mount Points” section and add the new drive (using /mnt/sda1 as custom mount point)
  • Save & Apply your settings
  • Reboot the Omnia
  • Check whether your configuration looks like the one in the picture below

• network shares
  • Go to Services / Network Shares
  • Enter a hostname and description and change “share home-directories” to 0
  • Scroll down to “Shared Directories”
  • Enter a name (this name is part of the link later to access this directory, e.g. smb://192.168.1.1/name)
  • Choose the path which you set as mount point before
  • Enter the username which you configured in step 3 as “allowed users”
  • Save & Apply your settings

• idle mode (optional)
  • Go to Services / hd-idle
  • Enable hd-idle for “sda”
  • Save & Apply your settings
• services
  • Go to System / Startup
  • Check whether “samba” and “hd-idle” (when enabled before) are enabled and started

Done. Reboot your Omnia once again.

Step 5: Configure your clients

Finally, you can configure each client to connect to your NAS via SMB. This is client-depended, however, we show you one example using Gnome on Arch Linux:

1. Install sudo pacman -S gvfs-smb
2. Press Ctrl + l and enter smb://192.168.1.1/name (change the IP address and folder name accordingly)
3. Enter the username set before and its password
4. Now you should be able to access your mSATA

Troubleshooting

Do you need help? See below for quick fixes:

Can’t relocate my WLAN modules due to short antenna cables

While the official video shows no need to relocate antenna cables, our Omnia made it hard to relocate the WLAN modules without switching two cables. Simply disconnect the short one and switch it with one of the other module. You can switch them freely.

No connection available

If you can’t connect to your NAS, use nmap on your client to see if the samba service is up and running: sudo nmap -p 139 -sT "192.168.1.1"

If the service is up and running, the output should contain 139/tcp open netbios-ssn. Recheck your folder name and user name if you still can’t connect.

No permissions

If you only have read access, create a new folder on your NAS using SSH like before and change the owner of this folder to the NAS user:

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#! /bin/bash
cd /mnt/sda1
mkdir [folder]
chown [username] [folder]

Summary

If you are a frequent Linux user, this guide should be very easy to implement. If you don’t want to use SMB or this guide is to difficult, we will show you how to configure Nextcloud for local usage in part 3b of this series.

Whatever the case may be, this NAS is a big plus for privacy and you don’t have to spend a lot of money for a dedicated NAS station.

Sources

• YouTube guide: Turris Omnia: How to connect an mSATA disk^{external link}
• Turris doc: Home NAS^{external link}

See also

• Home network security – Part 4: Turris Omnia as an ad blocker
• Home network security – Part 3b: Turris Omnia as network-attached storage via Nextcloud
• Home network security – Part 5: Client-side DNS security features
• Home network security – Part 2: HTTPS and TLS hardening